HOA+Terms+(Unit+3)

Civil War -A war between rival factions within a country

Anarcho-Syndicalism - a political doctrine that advocates replacing central government with decentralized worker control based on a trade union model. Found in numerous countries such as it achieved its greatest mainstream success in la Confederación Nacional del Trabajo in Spain.

Manuel Azana - Leader of la Acción Republicana, he became prime minister in 1931 with a center-left coalition. While PM, he introduced a number of far reaching agrarian and anti-clerical reforms that were subsequently undone when his government fell and was replaced by the right wing coalition in 1933. When the Popular Front formed the government in 1936, Azana again became PM. He served as president of the Republic throughout the Civil War, after which he lived in France until his death in November 1940.

Popular Front -A political strategy of electoral cooperation of left wing parties designed to prevent vote splitting and thus defeat right wing parties. The strategy was especially popular in response to the rise of Fascist and other right wing parties of the 1930s. Popular Front governments were formed in France and Spain during this period.

Comintern -(aka Communist international) was an organization that originated with the Bolsheviks. Its mission was to coordinate and promote the spread of revolutionary Marxist-Leninism throughout the world. Although it contained representatives from many countries, it was largely directed from Moscow and eventually was no more than a tool of Soviet foreign policy.

Francisco Franco - He was a competent officer who won fast promotion in the early part of his career, most of which was spent in Spanish Morocco. In 1925, he was appointed the commander of the military academy at Saragossa. His conservative views made him a natural enemy of the Popular Front government. Along with generals Mola and Goded, he led the Generals' Rising, which started the Civil War. He soon emerged as the leader of the Nationalist forces. During the Civil War, he merged with the major right wing parties into the Falange Espanola Tradicionalista, with himself as leader. After the nationalist victory, he became dictator of Spain until his death in 1975.

Rebels -The army and their supporters who attempted to overthrow the elected government in 1936.

Loyalists -Those who supported the elected government of Spain against the rebels

Republicans -The part of the military that remained loyal to the government, combined with multiple militias.

Nationalists - Military units that had rebelled, plus people from right wing organizations. They had the support of the Catholic church and eventually won the war and took over Spain.

Condor Legion -German air force at the disposal of the Nationalists. There were fighter planes, transport planes, bombers, and the people to operate them,

Neutrality Acts - A number of laws passed by the US Congress which sought to establish the US as a formally neutral country. The first Act of 1935 was intended to expire within 6 months, and prohibited Americans from trading war materials with warring parties. Subsequent Neutrality Acts of 1936, 1937, and 1939 extended and expanded the 1935 Act to include credit and loans, but did not prohibit the trading of oil.

Dolores Ibarruri - (aka La Pasionaria) A communist leader and member of the Spanish Communist Party(PCE). She was elected member of the Spanish Parliament, where she championed better working and living conditions for Spain's working class. During the Civil War, she was sent to Western Democracies to gain support for the Republic. Her gift for public speaking made her one of the chief propagandists of the Republican government, After the Civil War she fled to the Soviet Union, where she lived until the death of Franco in 1975. She then returned to Spain and was once again elected a member of Parliament.

Francisco Largo Caballero - Leader of both the Spanish Socialist party (PSOE) and the Union General de Trabajadores. He became PM of the Republic in September 1936 and brought together a broad left wing coalition of communists, anarchists, anarcho-syndicalists, socialists, and Marxists to lead the Republic during the Civil War. He took steps, much to the consternation of the anarchists, to centralize the military and social control and was dismissed in May 1937. He fled to France after the Civil War and was interned by the Nazis in Dachau concentration camp, where he died in 1946.

Buenaventura Durruti -An archaist leader during the Civil War. He led a number of strikes and uprisings in the turbulent years before the war. Once the war broke out, the urged cooperation between left wing organizations on Barcelona. He led anarchist forces at Saragossa and later at Madrid, where he was killed in combat.

Juan Negrin - A Spanish socialist who became PM after Caballero's Dismissal. He favored the communists greatly and gave them many important positions.